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Objective To investigate the health status of workers exposed to noise in a brewery in Beijing and to analyze the relationship between hearing loss and blood pressure. Methods A total of 949 noise-exposed workers in a brewery who participated in occupational health examination were selected as the investigation subjects. A survey was conducted to investigate the pure tone hearing threshold and abnormal blood pressure of the workers with different characteristics, and to analyze the relationship between the two. Results Among the noise-exposed workers, the detection rates of hearing abnormality, hypertension, and increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 73.55%, 52.37%, 43.84% and 46.47%, respectively. The detection rates of hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average in males were higher than those in females (P 0.05), the detection rates of other hearing abnormality, indicators of hypertension, speech frequency hearing threshold abnormality, high frequency hearing threshold abnormality，increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average and the weighted value of the better ear's hearing threshold all increased or had an increasing trend with the increase of age or working years (P< 0.05). The detection rates of hypertension in the groups with high frequency hearing threshold abnormality and increased binaural high frequency hearing threshold on average were higher than those in the normal group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The noise-exposed workers in the brewery have hearing impairment, which is related to the occurrence of hypertension. It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education on noise protection and take protective measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational noise injury.
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@#<b>Objective</b> To investigate the occupational health status of 450 radiation workers in a steel mill when they resigned, and to provide references and suggestions for the occupational health monitoring of the enterprise employees and for the workers’ proper arrangement after their resignations. <b>Methods</b> Occupational health examinations were performedon 450 steel workers who were about to resign in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. And the examination results were statistically analyzed. <b>Results</b> Among the 450 radiation workers, 82% had abnormal examination results which included chromosome aberration in peripheral blood lymphocytes (4.89%), lens opacity (44.44%), pinguecula (25.33%), hypertension (28.22%), thyroid dysfunction (9.59%), and abnormal liver ultrasound findings (30.89%). Compared with the normal population, these steel workers had a significantly higher chromosome aberration rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and a significantly higher incidence rate of ocular disorders. <b>Conclusion</b> It is important to effectively manage the occupational health of radiation employees in steel mills, and to regularly provide training on occupational health protection. To avoid radiation damage, workers should pay close attention to radiation protection at work, especially eye protection, to avoid eye disorders.
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Objective: To explore the influence and significance of respiratory filter on the judgment of pulmonary function and the conclusion of occupational health examination in occupational health examination. Methods: From August to November 2020, 252 occupational health examinees were randomly selected as the research objects, and the lung function was examined with the respiratory filter bite and the straight cylinder bite without filter, respectively. The lung function examination indexes and the qualification rate of lung function examination were analyzed and compared between the two groups, and the diagnostic criteria of lung function examination was corrected. Results: 252 subjects were 36 (30, 42) years old. The qualified rate of lung function examination with respiratory filter bite (28.17%, 71/252) was lower than that with straight cylinder bite (34.92%, 88/252) , the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The percentage of forced vital capacity in normal predicted value (FVC%) , percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in normal predicted value (FEV(1)%) , and percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second in forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC%) of subjects using respiratory filter bite were lower than those using the straight cylinder bite (P<0.05) . The corrected diagnostic criteria of pulmonary function were FVC%>78%, FEV(1)%>77%, FEV(1)/FVC%>68%. There was no significant difference between the qualified rate of the respiratory filter bite lung function test calculated according to the corrected diagnostic criteria (35.71%, 90/252) and the qualified rate of the straight cylinder bite lung function test calculated according to the original diagnostic criteria (34.92%, 88/252) (P>0.05) . Conclusion: In occupational health examination, the use of respiratory filter may affect the results of pulmonary function examination. The diagnostic criteria of pulmonary function can be corrected according to different filtering effects to ensure the accuracy of the conclusions of occupational health examination.
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Humans , Adult , Occupational Health , Lung , Vital Capacity , Forced Expiratory Volume , Respiratory Function Tests/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the occupational health status of radiation workers in Dezhou, China, explore the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiation workers, and provide a basis for improving the health of radiation workers. Methods A total of 1101 radiation workers in Dezhou who underwent occupational health examination in 2021 were selected. The effects of physical examination type, type of work, sex, length of service, and age on the health status of radiation workers were compared and analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and eye lens were significantly higher in pre-post radiation workers than in radiation works (P < 0.05). The abnormal rates of eye lens increased with the length of service in radiation workers (P < 0.05). The abnormal rate of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound in male workers was higher than that in female workers, while the abnormal rates of blood routine and thyroid function were higher in female workers than in male workers (P < 0.05). Conclusion The abdominal rates of color Doppler ultrasound and eye lens are relatively high among radiation workers in Dezhou. It is necessary to improve the protection awareness and strengthen the level of radiation protection, so as to ensure the occupational health of radiation workers.
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Objective To understand the occupational health status of gas station workers, to analyze the characteristics of early health damage, and to provide a reference for the occupational health monitoring of workers in this industry. Methods The gas station workers who underwent occupational health examination in an occupational health examination institution in Tianjin in 2021were selected as the research subjects. The examination results were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 381 gas station workers were included in this study, with a sex ratio of male to female of 1.40:1. The top three tests with abnormal results from high to low were abdominal color Doppler ultrasound (39.63%), urine routine (29.13%), and blood pressure (23.62%). The detected fatty liver accounted for 74.83% of abnormal abdominal color Doppler ultrasound. Analysis of abnormal results of different genders showed that the detection rate of abnormal blood pressure, fatty liver and liver function in males was higher than that in females (χ2=16.40, 25.40, 15.98，P＜0.05), the detection rate of high GGT in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2=16.04，P＜0.05）. The detection rate of abnormal urine routine in females was higher than that in males (χ2=12.85，P＜0.05), and the positive rate of urine white blood cells and blood in urine were significantly higher I women than those in men (χ2 =16.80, 11.66，P＜0.05). The abnormal detection rate of electrocardiogram of gas station workers increased with age (χ2=28.02，P＜0.05), and the abnormality of high blood pressure showed an increasing trend with age and working years（χ2=25.00, 15.26，P＜0.05). Conclusion The long-term exposure of gas station workers to chemical toxic substances such as organic solvents and benzene series and physical factors such as high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter will have a certain impact on health. It is suggested that employers should reasonably arrange their work systems and carry out occupational health monitoring in a targeted manner.
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Objective To investigate the operation status and service level of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province, China, and to provide a basis for administrative departments and quality management departments to develop policies. Methods The investigation data of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province were collected for descriptive analysis of the regional distribution, nature, and service qualification of the institutions. Results There were 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province. These institutions were located in 11 cities, of which 85.18% were public institutions and 14.72% were private institutions. For the physical examination workload of radiation workers in Zhejiang Province in 2021, general hospitals accounted for 75.90%, private institutions accounted for 4.51%, and occupational prevention and treatment hospitals accounted for 19.59%. In the radiation occupational health inspection institutions, the stand-alone and online software installation rates were 33.33% and 37.04%, respectively. A total of 26 986 individuals (82.97%) underwent chromosome aberration examination. The examination rates of thyroid color Doppler ultrasound examination and eye lens examination were 41.24% and 82.97%, respectively. Pre-job, on-job, and off-job physical examination accounted for 25.81%, 70.52%, and 3.67%, respectively. For radiation workers who underwent on-job physical examination, diagnostic radiology workers accounted for the highest proportion of 34.90%. The excellent, qualified, and unqualified rates of 27 radiation occupational health inspection institutions were 7.41%, 88.89%, and 3.70%, respectively. Conclusion The network of radiation occupational health inspection institutions in Zhejiang Province is well-established and located mainly in general hospitals, occupational prevention and control institutions, and private institutions. To enhance the quality and proficiency of occupational health examinations, it is imperative to prioritize self-improvement and management, reinforce law enforcement supervision, actively engage in blind sample assessments, and advance the application of information technology and standardized services.
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Through the development of the guidance for case handling of radiological health law enforcement, health supervisors are instructed to accurately grasp the key points of law enforcement and case handling and standardize the process of collecting evidence and law application to ensure the correct implementation of administrative penalty. This article explains the structure and content of the guidance for case handling of radiological health law enforcement by taking the case of arranging radiation workers who have not undergone an occupational health examination to engage in the radiological occupational-disease-inductive operation in medical institutions as an example.
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Health monitoring of radiation workers is an important part of the radiation protection system. Occupational health examination is very important for the safe use of nuclear energy technology. This article analyzes the detection results of radiation-sensitive indicators reported in the literature to investigate the health status of radiation workers and to provide a reference for the further study of sensitive indicators in health monitoring of radiation workers.
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Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of suspected cases with occupational diseases and analyze the quality of occupational diseases report in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into supervision and early warning of occupational diseases.@*Methods@#The epidemiological data pertaining to suspected cases with occupational diseases reported in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2020 were retrieved from the Occupational Disease and Health Risk Factors Monitoring Information System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including gender, age, type of job, industry category, enterprise size and diagnosis. The percentages of identification, diagnosis and definitive diagnosis were calculated, and the distribution and diagnosis of suspected cases with occupational diseases were descriptively analyzed among different regions, industry categories and enterprise sizes.@*Results@#A total of 264 398 people underwent occupational health examinations in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and 322 suspected cases with occupational diseases were detected (12.18/104), including 179 cases with suspected pneumoconiosis (55.59%), 78 cases with suspected occupational ear, nose, throat and oral diseases (24.22%), 54 cases with suspected occupational poisoning (16.77%), 6 cases with suspected occupational skin diseases (1.86%), 3 cases with suspected occupational diseases caused by physical factors (0.93%) and 2 cases with other suspected respiratory diseases (0.62%). The 322 cases with suspected occupational diseases included 290 men (90.06%) and 32 women (9.94%), and had a mean age of (53.28±9.20) years. A total of 207 cases underwent occupational diseases diagnosis (64.29%), and 155 cases were definitively diagnosed with occupational diseases (74.88%). Among different counties (districts) in Huzhou City, the highest number of suspected cases with occupational diseases was reported in Changxing County (101 cases, 31.37%), with a diagnostic rate of 88.12%, and among all enterprises, the highest number of suspected cases with occupational diseases was reported in small enterprises (220 cases, 68.32%), with a diagnostic rate of 68.64%, while among all industry categories, the highest number of suspected cases with occupational diseases was reported in manufacture industry (228 cases, 70.81%), with a diagnostic rate of 56.14%. In addition, there was no suspected case with occupational diseases detected in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, wholesale/retail trade industry, or public administration, social security or social organizations.@*Conclusion@#Pneumoconiosis was the predominant type of suspected occupational diseases in Huzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and a low diagnostic rate was found. Improved supervision of occupational diseases control is strongly recommended among small enterprises to standardize the reporting system of suspected occupational diseases.
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Objective To analyze the detection level and distribution characteristics of occupational contraindications in pre-employment occupational health examination, and to provide a reference for relevant management departments to strengthen the control of personnel exposed to occupational hazards. Methods The data of pre-employment occupational health examination of 2 626 workers in a vehicle manufacturing enterprise from September 2018 to December 2020 were collected. The detection rate of occupational contraindications was calculated according to the judgement standard, and the distribution of occupational contraindications in different gender, length of service and age was analyzed. Results The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 13.71%, and there was no significant difference between the genders. The detection rate in the 40-45 years old group was the highest (31.75%), and the difference among the different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=30.16, P2=30.20, P<0.01). Conclusion Relevant departments should strengthen the occupational health supervision and management of vehicle manufacturing enterprises and urge enterprises to pay attention to the pre-job occupational health examination as well as the health of workers.
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Objective To investigate the occupational health status of dust exposed workers in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention strategies. Methods On-duty physical examination data of dust exposed workers in Binhai New Area in 2019 were collected, and data processing and statistical analysis were conducted by Excel 2016 and SPSS22.0. Results A total of 20 898 dust exposed workers were included in the physical examination in 2019. Among them, 158 were abandoned in the examination of posterior-anterior high kV chest X-ray or digital radiography (DR) chest X-ray, 14 were abandoned in the examination of lung function, and a total of 20 726 were included in the final examination. Thirty-seven cases (0.18%) were found to be suspected of pneumoconiosis, 51 cases (0.25%) were found to be contraband, and 15 cases (0.072%) were found to be pneumoconiosis. The detection rate of abnormal chest radiograph was 4.73%, and the detection rate of abnormal lung function was 6.99%. Conclusion The detection rates of abnormal chest X-ray and pulmonary function of dust exposed workers in this area are rising with the increase of exposure time. Attention should be paid to the prevention of occupational pneumoconiosis by promoting the publicity and education of dust workers in large enterprises, strengthening the management of occupational health in collective enterprises, especially for older workers with long working years.
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Objective To analyze the medical examinations of radiation worker in medical institutions and provide some basic data for radiation protection management. Methods The occupational health examination of 3568 radiation workers from 681 medical institutions who came to our hospital for occupational health examination from January 1 to December 31 in 2020 were summarized and analyzed. Results There was no case of suspected occupational radiation sickness. The abnormal rate was in the range of 2.17%～2.99%, the rate of occupational contraindicated was about 1.44%～2.17%. The total review rate was about 13.00%, more than 79.48% of the radiation workers were checked out other diseases or abnormal. The abnormal examination items are mainly ophthalmology, B ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, spleen and pancreas, liver function, electrocardiogram, blood routine, urine routine, blood pressure, B ultrasound of both kidneys and kidney function. The abnormal rate of ophthalmology in each level of institutions was decreased with the increase of the length of service, while the abnormal results of B-ultrasound of liver, gallbladder, spleen and pancreas, blood pressure, B-ultrasound of both kidneys and renal function were increased with the increase of service. Conclusion Maybe the radiation protection of radiation workers in medical institutions was well in Shenzhen, but there were different effects of the health status of the staff. Therefore, it is important to further strengthen the occupational health monitoring management.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of occupational health monitoring on radiation workers in national medical institutions in 2018. METHODS: Through the National Radiation Health Information Platform Subsystem Occupational Radiation Diseases and Occupational Health Monitoring System, the monitoring data including the overview of radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, occupational health management, and occupational health examination information across the country were collected for analysis in 2018. RESULTS: In 2018, there were a total of 55 902 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions with 353 141 radiation workers nationwide. The radiation dose monitoring rate on individuals and hospitals was 94.6%(334 222/353 141) and 97.3%(91 051/93 559), respectively. The rate of health examination was 84.6%(298 914/353 141) and 95.4%(87 031/91 244) respectively.The monitoring rate on chromosomal aberration in peripheral blood lymphocytes was 0.3% in radiation workers. The rate of opacity under the posterior lens capsule was 4.3% and the rate of thyroid nodules was 25.7% in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine workers. CONCLUSION:s The personal dose monitoring rate and occupational health examination rate of radiation workers in medical institutions in China are maintained at a relatively high level. However, monitoring attention should also be paid to the analysis of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, the examination of eye lens and thyroid gland.
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Objective@#Analyzes of the monitoring results of silicosis in key occupational disease monitoring in Tianjin in 2017, providing reference for continuous monitoring, and prevention and control work of silicosis.@*Methods@#Monitor and analyze the current state of silica dust hazard enterprises, the health status of silica dust workers, and the characteristics of newly developed silicosis cases in accordance with the national 2017 work plan for key occupational disease monitoring and occupational health risk assessment.@*Results@#In 2017, 210 enterprises have silica dust hazard in Tianjin, silica dust workplaces exceed the standard rate is 34.73%, 5 695 workers' health examination who contact with silica dust were collected. 2 were detected occupational contraindication, the abnormal detection rate of chest examination is 3.60%, the abnormal index of lung function mainly is FVC, the abnormal rate is 15.8%. The abnormal rate increases with working years. In 2017, 193 new cases of silicosis were reported most cases were developed after years of decontamination. Most enterprises with cases had already out of market, only 7 were still producing.@*Conclusion@#The key prevention and control in Tianjin was enterprises with silica dust excess of standard, as well as older and longer working years workers, adopting effective measures to reduce the concentration of silica dust in workplace is a fundamental measure to reduce the risk of silicosis.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the 2014 edition of the diagnostic criteria of occupational noise-induced deafness on the assessment of hearing loss in occupational health examination. METHODS: A total of 835 noise-exposed workers were selected as study subjects by cluster sampling method. The hearing threshold results were compared through two different editions of criteria: GBZ 49-2007 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Noise-induced Deafness( GBZ 49-2007) and GBZ 49-2014 Diagnosis of Occupational Boise-induced Deafness( GBZ 49-2014). RESULTS: The binaural high frequency threshold average calculated by GBZ 49-2007 was lower than that of GBZ 49-2014 [( 46. 8 ± 8. 1) vs( 49. 2 ± 8. 0) d B,P < 0. 01].The speech frequency threshold average of the good ear calculated by GBZ 49-2007 was lower than the monaural threshold of weighted value of the good ear of GBZ 49-2014 [( 18. 8 ± 3. 6) vs( 22. 0 ± 3. 3),P < 0. 01]. The speech frequency threshold average of the good ear and the monaural threshold of weighted value of the good ear calculated after age and sex correction using GBZ 49-2007 were lower than that calculated by using GBZ 49-2014 [( 18. 8 ± 3. 6) vs( 19. 4 ± 3. 6),( 21. 5 ±3. 4) vs( 22.0 ±3.3),P <0.05]. The detection rate of suspected occupational noise-induced deafness GBZ 49-2014 was higher than that of GBZ 49-2007( 6. 35% vs 2. 87%,P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: In occupational health examination,the diagnostic criteria of GBZ 49-2014 can diagnose patients as suspected occupational noise-induced deafness easier than that of GBZ 49-2007.
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Objective@#To analyze the completion status, monitoring results, and existing problems of key occupational disease monitoring in Shandong, China, from 2015 to 2017, and to provide reference materials for improving monitoring quality and carrying out occupational disease prevention and control.@*Methods@#The monitoring situation including project coverage, data collection, monitoring results, and monitoring quality of key occupational diseases in Shandong from 2015 to 2017 were described and comparatively analyzed.@*Results@#In the past three years, the uncoverage rate of monitored counties (38.69% in 2015, 10.95% in 2016, and 5.11% in 2017) , the non-work rate of occupational health examination institutions (41.67% in 2015, 18.02% in 2016, and 8.72% in 2017) , and the non-work rate of occupational disease diagnosis institutions (42.31% in 2015, 38.46% in 2016, and 38.46% in 2017) in Shandong decreased year by year. The number of institutions with key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year (it was 24140 in 2017, with an increase of 40.50% compared with 2016 and an increase of 114.62% compared with 2015) ; the key occupational hazard factors in enterprises were mainly noise (72.76%) , followed by benzene, silica dust, and coal dust. The number of workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year; in 2017, it was 729245, with an increase of 39.78% compared with 2016 and an increase of 84.81% compared with 2015. The ratio of people exposed to key occupational hazard factors identified by the medical examination to the total people in the safety supervision system in a year decreased year by year (40.87% in 2015, 23.86% in 2016, and 17.95% in 2017) .@*Conclusion@#In Shandong, the supervision of enterprises with key occupational hazard factors and the responsibility of enterprise protection should be strengthened. The occupational health examination rate of workers should be improved. It is suggested that we should carry out the special investigations and occupational health risk assessment for key enterprises and key populations.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of delayed pre-job occupational health examination on occupational health surveillance by analyzing the results of pre-job occupational health examinations in radiation exposed workers. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was used to select 1 385 radiation workers as the research subjects in Guangdong Province in 2016 at a pre-job occupational health examination. Workers who did not engage in radiation work were selected as control group. Workers who engaged in radiation work but did not take pre-job occupational health examinations were selected as observation group. The difference of the results of occupational health examination between the two groups was analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of the observation group was 55. 8%(773/1 385). The abnormal rates of the white blood cell( WBC) count,“double + ring”rate and lens in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(9. 3% vs 5. 7%,6. 0% vs 3. 6%,6. 2% vs 3. 6%,P < 0. 05),respectively. The WBC count in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(6. 1 ± 1. 5) × 10~9/L vs(6. 7 ± 1. 5) × 10~9/L,P < 0. 01]. The contents of the thyroid stimulating hormone and triiodothyronine in the observation group were higher than those in the control group[(1. 3 ± 0. 4) m U/L vs(1. 2 ± 0. 3) m U/L,(1. 8 ± 0. 4) nmol/L vs(1. 7 ± 0. 5) nmol/L,P < 0. 01]. The tetraiodothyronine level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [( 110. 8 ± 22. 4) nmol/L vs(113. 8 ± 23. 2) nmol/L,P < 0. 05]. CONCLUSION: The delay of pre-job occupational health examination of radiation exposed workers affects the examination results and the accuracy of basic health records.
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Objective To investigate the employers' and employees' satisfaction of Zhejiang Province on occupation health examination and diagnosis of occupational diseases, and to guide and to standardize the occupation health examination and occupational disease diagnosis. Methods A random sample of 953 employers, 1791 workers with health examination and 135 workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases were selected in the survey, and the questionnaire about the Satisfuction on occupation health examination and occupation disease diagnosis were used in this survey. Results A total of 2879 questionnaires were sent out, in which 2841 valid questionnaires were returned, and the effective recovery rate was 98.68%. The recognition rates on comfortable environment, clear instructions process, workflow notification, and attention notification were all above 98%. The satisfaction rates for all items were above 86%, and the total satisfaction rate was 89.27% . The total satisfaction rates of workers with health examination, workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases and employers were 89.28%, 82.03%, and 90.22%, respectively. The recognition rates on clear instructions process and attention notification, and the satisfaction rates on service attitude, result information and overall satisfaction were significantly different between different types of respondents (P<0.05) . The results of pair wise comparison showed that the satisfaction rates of workers with diseases diagnosis on service attitude, results information and overall satisfaction were significantly lower than those of employers (P<0.05) . The overall satisfaction rate of workers with diagnosis of occupational diseases was lower than that of workers with health examination (P=0.011) . The recognition rates of workers with health examination on clear instructions process and attentions notification were lower than those of employers (P<0.016) . There was a significant difference in the overall satisfaction between respondents in different regions (P<0.01) . Conclusion The service of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis services should be further improved. We should better learn the demands of employees and employers, improve service attitude, optimize service processes, shorten service time, and improve service quality and satisfaction.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of blood lead level on the occupational health examination index in workers with lead exposure. METHODS: Using judgment sampling method,412 workers exposed to lead from a lead acid battery factory were selected. According to the blood lead levels,the participants were divided into 5 groups( < 100. 0,100. 0-,200. 0-,300. 0- and 400. 0- μg / L). The effects of blood lead level on the health status of the workers such as clinical symptoms,electrocardiogram( ECG),routine urine and blood pressure,liver function and blood routine were analyzed.RESULTS: The median( the 25 th and 75 th percentiles) of the blood lead level was 169. 0( 76. 6,320. 4) μg / L in the 412 workers,and over standard rate was 12. 6%. Male workers 'blood lead level was higher than that of female workers[225. 8( 91. 3,351. 2) vs 131. 0( 64. 6,248. 9) μg/L,P < 0. 01]. In the female workers,the abnormal rate of ECG in the < 100. 0 μg / L group was lower than those of the 400- μg / L group( 6. 7% vs 41. 2%,P < 0. 005); the level of diastolic pressure in the < 100. 0 μg / L group was lower than that of the 300. 0- μg / L group [( 78. 4 ± 11. 7) vs( 72. 6 ±5. 6) mm Hg,P < 0. 01]. It was no correlation between blood lead level and urine β2-microglobulin( rS=- 0. 044,P =0. 82),while it was positive correlation between blood lead level and 24 hours urine lead content( rS= 0. 657,P < 0. 01).CONCLUSION: Lead exposed could cause the increase of cardiovascular abnormalities in female workers than that of male workers. Routine blood index,liver function index and routine urine index( urine protein) could not early reflect the blood,liver and kidney toxicity of lead.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the hearing status of pre-job workers exposed to noise in metal manufacturing industries,and to analyze the related influencing factors. METHODS: A judgement sampling method was adopted to choose1 597 pre-job workers exposed to noise in metal manufacturing industries as the study subjects. The data of workers' occupational health examination was collected,and the influencing factors of hearing loss were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 1 597 individuals,631( 39. 5%) cases reported occupational noise exposure history( noise exposure group) with the length of service of 0. 20( 0. 10-0. 30) years; 966( 60. 5%) cases denied occupational noise exposure history( no-noise exposure group). The hearing loss detection rate was 46. 1%( 737 /1 597); among them,the occupational contraindication detection rate was 13. 9%( 222 /1 597),and the detection rate of other kinds of hearing loss was 32. 2%( 515 /1 597).The detection rates in workers with occupational contraindication and the other kinds of hearing loss in noise exposure group were higher than those in the non-noise exposure group( 16. 5% vs 12. 2%,50. 6% vs 43. 3%,P < 0. 05). The male workers had higher incidence than female workers [the odds ratio( OR) were 1. 958 and 2. 331,respectively,P < 0. 01);the workers with age > 25 years had higher incidence than those with age ≤ 25 years( OR were 2. 390 and 2. 245,respectively,P < 0. 01); the noise exposure workers had higher incidence than non-noise exposure ones( OR were 1. 536 and 1. 287,respectively,P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Pre-job occupational health examination is helpful for early detection of occupational contraindication in noise exposure workers. Attention should be paid to the male workers,the older workers,and those with occupational noise exposure history when conducting occupational health examination.